Enhance Transient Power Sharing in Microgrids using PID-PSO Controller

Abstract

Abstract: Effective transient power sharing is critical for the stable and reliable operation of microgrids. This paper investigates the enhancement of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller performance for a grid-forming inverter system utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for optimal parameter tuning. The performance of a PSO-optimized PID (PSO-PID) controller is rigorously compared against a traditionally tuned PID controller under varying reference power commands and external disturbances. Key performance aspects including time-domain response (overshoot, settling time, tracking accuracy), control effort, frequency-domain characteristics of the tracking error and phase-plane stability are meticulously. Analyzed results demonstrate that the PSO-PID controller significantly outperforms the traditional PID exhibiting substantially reduced overshoot lower error integrals (IAE and ITAE) and a more stable less aggressive control signal that remains within saturation limits.