Political Developments in the Maldives and The British Position on them (1954 – 1965)
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Abstract
This study examines the topic (Political Developments in the Maldives and the British Position on them 1954 – 1965) as that stage witnessed influential political transformations in the country. He enacted a new constitution for the country, developed a plan to modernize the country, and signed in 1956 with the British a preliminary agreement on renting the Jan military base, which caused an internal crisis in the country, after which the three southern islands (Fawamullah, Thinadu and Addu Atoll) separated from the central government, and formed a republic After that, the Jan Agreement was amended in February 1960 during the era of Maldivian Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir, who led the country’s diplomacy, and could resolve most of the complex matters in the country after negotiating with the British on two important issues the first, the restoration of The separatist islands to the authority of the central government, and the second, to negotiate for the complete independence of the country, and after negotiations with the British returning the three islands to the authority of the central government in 1963, and could achieve The country’s transition in July 1965, and the Maldives freed from British domination, which lasted more than a century and a half.
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References
أولاً / الوثائق البريطانية غير المنشورة :
أ / وثائق الأرشيف البريطاني :
- The National Archives, Relations with The Maldives, (Annex A), Possibility of Recognising Dissident Government, This Document is The Property of her Britannic Majesty’s Government, Secret, No.32, C.(59) . 103, 20th June, 1959 .
- The National Archives, Relations with The Maldives, (Annex C), Maldivian Political Scene, This Document is The Property of her Britannic Majesty’s Government, Secret, No.32, C.(59) . 103, 20th June, 1959 .
- The National Archives, Relations with The Maldives, This Document is The Property of her Britannic Majesty’s Government, Secret, No.32, C.(59) . 103, 20th June, 1959 .
- The National Archives, The Maldives : Negotiations for The Gan Air Staging Post, This Document is The Property of her Britannic Majesty’s Government, Secret, No.59, C.59, 17th April, 1959 .
ب / وثائق مجلس العموم البريطاني :
- Hansard, Maldive Islands ( Air Staging Base), HC Deb. Vol.578, 28 November 1957 .
- Hansard, New Anglo – Maldivian Agreement, HL Deb, Vol. 268, 26 July 1965 .
- Hansard, Defence Facilities ( Agreement), HC Deb, Vol.616, 4 February 1960 .
- Hansard, Abdullah Afif Didi, HC Deb, Vol. 685, 5 December 1963 .
- Hansard, Gan (Defence Installations), HC Deb, Vol. 586, 16 April 1958 .
- Hansard, Anglo – Maldivian Agreement, HC. Deb, Vol. 717, 26 July 1965 .
ج / وثائق وزارة المُستعمرات وشؤون الكومنولث :
- Diplomatic Service Administration Office (Great Britain), The Diplomatic Service ( List 1966), Published by Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1966 .
- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, Agreement between Her Majesty’s Government in The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and The Government of The Maldive Islands ( With Exchanges of Letters), Presented to Parliament by The Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations by Command of her Majesty, Treaty Series No. 68 (1965), August 1965, London, 1965 .
- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, The Diplomatic Service List 1966, Published by Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1966 .
- Office of Commonwealth Relations (Great Britain), The Commonwealth Relation Office List 1953, Published by Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1953 .
ثانياً / وثائق وزارة الخارجية الأميركية :
- Department of External Affairs, Current Notes on International Affairs, Vol.37, No.1, Published by Department of External Affairs (Canberra), January 1966 .
- Office of Media Services (United States. Department of State), Background Note, Published by Department of State: Bureau of Public Affairs(Office of Media Services), United States, 2008 .
ثالثاً / الرسائل والاطاريح :
- Ahmed Zubair, Challenges to The Consolidation of Democracy : A Case Study of The Maldives, Unpublished A Thesis of Master of Arts in Security Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, California, 2013 .
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- Hassan Amir, Islamism and Radicalism in The Maldives, Unpublished Thesis of Master of Arts in Security Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, California, 2011 .
- Ibrahim Ashraf, Civil – Military Challenges for A Consolidating Democracy : The Maldives, Unpublished Thesis of Master of Arts in Security Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, California, 2012 .
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خامساً / البحوث والتقارير :
- Fathmath Saushan Moosa, Country Report : Republic of Maldives, Published by Asian Disaster Reduction Centre (National Disaster Management Center), Visiting Researcher Program – FY2014B, Male (Republic of Maldives), 2014 .
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سادساً / الصحف المنشورة باللغة الغوجاراتية:
- Mariam Shifa, Thiladhunmathi “ Bodu Thakurufaanu “ and His Honours, Thiladhunmathi Times Newspaper, Male ( Maldives ), 26 August, 2020 .
سابعاً / الصحف المنشورة باللغة الانجليزية :
- J.Y. Smith, Harold Macmillan (92) Former British Prime Minister, Dies, The Washington Post, 30 December, 1986 .
- Maldives Magazine, Maldives Airport, August 2020 .
- The New York Times, Anti – British Revolt Erupts in Maldives; Airstrip Damaged, 7 April, 1964 .
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ثامناً / الموسوعات والقواميس :
- Kenneth J. Panton, Historical Dictionary of The British Empire, Published by Rowman & Littlefield, Maryland, 2015.
- R.W. McColl (ed.), Encyclopedia of World Geography, Published by Facts on File, Inc., New York, 2005.
تاسعاً / المواقع الالكترونية :
- www. Encyclopedia Britannica.com.